E hoʻohana i ka loulou ma lalo nei e kaʻana like i ka mana kikokikona piha o kēia ʻatikala me kāu mau hoaaloha a me nā hoa hana.Aʻo hou mai.
E noiʻi i ke kūlana paʻa ʻole a me nā kumu hoʻohālikelike o nā maʻi maʻi COVID-19 i loko o nā hale mālama hale paʻa.
I Pepeluali 2020, 114 mau maʻi maʻi COVID-19 i hoʻokomo ʻia i kahi hale hoʻokipa kelepona ma Wuhan City, Hubei Province i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia i ka hui me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka laʻana maʻalahi.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka mana Kina o ka Mishel Disease Uncertainty Scale (MUIS) no ka loiloi ʻana i ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi o ka mea maʻi, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka loiloi regression lehulehu e ʻimi i kāna mau mea hoʻoikaika.
ʻO ka awelika o ka helu helu MUIS (ka hua Kina) he 52.22 ± 12.51, e hōʻike ana i ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi ma kahi pae haʻahaʻa.Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa i ka helu awelika o ka manaʻo unpredictability ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa: 2.88 ± 0.90.Ua hōʻike ʻia ka helu ʻana o ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i nā wāwae he nui nā wahine (t = 2.462, p = .015) i ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻohana i kēlā me kēia mahina ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o RMB 10,000 (t = -2.095, p = .039), a ʻo ke ʻano o ka maʻi he ≥ 28 lā ( t = 2.249, p =. 027) he kumu hoʻololi kūʻokoʻa o ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi.
Aia nā poʻe maʻi me COVID-19 i kahi pae haʻahaʻa o ka maʻi ʻaʻole maopopo.Pono nā limahana lapaʻau e nānā nui aku i nā maʻi wahine, nā maʻi me ka loaʻa kālā haʻahaʻa o ka ʻohana, a me nā mea maʻi me ka lōʻihi o ka maʻi, a e lawe i nā hana i kuhikuhi ʻia e kōkua iā lākou e hōʻemi i ka maopopo ʻole o ko lākou maʻi.
Ke alo nei i kahi maʻi maʻi hou a ʻike ʻole ʻia, aia nā mea maʻi i loaʻa i ka COVID-19 ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o ke kino a me ka noʻonoʻo, a ʻo ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi ke kumu nui o ke koʻikoʻi e hoʻopilikia ai i nā maʻi.Ua noiʻi kēia noiʻi i ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi o nā maʻi maʻi COVID-19 i nā hale hoʻomaha hale paʻa, a ua hōʻike nā hopena i kahi pae haʻahaʻa.E pōmaikaʻi nā hopena o ke aʻo ʻana i nā kahu hānai, nā mea hana kulekele aupuni a me nā mea noiʻi e hiki mai ana i nā wahi āpau e mālama ai i nā maʻi maʻi COVID-19.
I ka hopena o 2019, ua hoʻomaka ka maʻi 2019 Coronavirus (COVID-19) ma Wuhan, ka ʻāina ʻo Hubei, Kina, a lilo i pilikia olakino lehulehu ma Kina a me ka honua (Huang et al., 2020).Ua helu ʻia ka World Health Organization (WHO) ma ke ʻano he pilikia olakino olakino o ka hopohopo honua (PHEIC).I mea e kaupalena ʻia ai ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi, ua hoʻoholo ka Wuhan COVID-19 Prevention and Control Command Center e kūkulu i nā hale hoʻomaha hale hoʻokipa e mālama i nā maʻi me nā maʻi maʻi.Ke alo nei me kahi maʻi maʻi hou a ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻo nā mea maʻi i loaʻa i ka COVID-19 e loaʻa i ka pilikia kino kino a koʻikoʻi loa (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020c; Xiong et al., 2020).ʻO ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi ke kumu nui o ke koʻikoʻi e hoʻopilikia ai i nā maʻi.E like me ka wehewehe ʻana, hiki kēia i ka wā e nalowale ai ka mea maʻi i nā hanana pili i ka maʻi a me ko lākou wā e hiki mai ana, a hiki paha ia ma nā pae āpau o ka maʻi (e laʻa, I ke kahua o ka maʻi,… ola) (Mishel et al., 2018).ʻO ka maopopoʻole o ka maʻi e pili ana i nā hopena socio-psychological maikaʻiʻole, a me ka emiʻana o ke olakino i ka maikaʻi o ke ola a me nā hōʻailona kino koʻikoʻi (Kim et al., 2020; Parker et al., 2016; Szulczewski et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2015).Ke manaʻo nei kēia noiʻi e ʻimi i ke kūlana o kēia manawa a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kumu o ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi i nā maʻi me COVID-19, a e hāʻawi i kumu no ka noiʻi ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
ʻO COVID-19 kahi maʻi lele B ʻano hou e laha nui ʻia ma o nā kulu hanu a me ka pilina pili.He maʻi maʻi maʻi koʻikoʻi ia i ke kenekulia 21 a he hopena koʻikoʻi ka honua i ke olakino noʻonoʻo o nā kānaka.Mai ka puka ʻana o COVID-19 ma Wuhan City, Hubei Province i ka hopena o 2019, ua ʻike ʻia nā hihia ma 213 mau ʻāina a me nā wahi.Ma Malaki 11, 2020, ua hoʻolaha ka WHO i ka maʻi maʻi he maʻi maʻi honua (Xiong et al., 2020).Ke hoʻolaha a hoʻomau nei ka maʻi maʻi COVIC-19, ua lilo nā pilikia noʻonoʻo e pili ana i nā manaʻo koʻikoʻi.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he nui e pili ana ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19 i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka pilikia noʻonoʻo.I ke alo o kahi maʻi maʻi, nui ka poʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā maʻi maʻi COVID-19, e loaʻa i kahi ʻano o nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole e like me ka hopohopo a me ka hopohopo (Le, Dang, et al., 2020; Tee ML et al., 2020; Wang, Chudzicka -Czupała Et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020c; Xiong et al., 2020).ʻO ka pathogenesis, incubation period, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka COVID-19 aia nō i ka pae ʻimi, a he nui nā pilikia e wehewehe ʻia e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi, ka mālama ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻepekema.ʻO ka laha ʻana a me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi i manaʻo ʻole ʻia ka poʻe a hiki ʻole ke kāohi ʻia e pili ana i ka maʻi.Ke ʻike ʻia ka maʻi, ʻaʻole maopopo ka mea maʻi inā he lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi paha, inā hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia, pehea e hoʻopau ai i ka wā kaʻawale, a pehea ka hopena iā lākou iho a me ko lākou ʻohana.ʻO ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi e hoʻokau i ke kanaka i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi mau a hoʻopuka i ka hopohopo, ke kaumaha a me ka makaʻu (Hao F et al., 2020).
I ka makahiki 1981, ua wehewehe ʻo Mishel i ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi a ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kula hānai.Ke nele ke kanaka i ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā hanana pili i ka maʻi a ke kumu ka maʻi i nā hanana hoʻoulu e pili ana, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kanaka ke hana i nā hoʻoholo kūpono i ka haku ʻana a me ke ʻano o nā hanana hoʻoulu, a e kū mai kahi manaʻo o ka maʻi kānalua.Ke hikiʻole i ka mea maʻi ke hoʻohana i kona kūlana hoʻonaʻauao, kākoʻo kaiaulu, a iʻole ka pilina me kahi mea mālama ola no ka loaʻaʻana o kaʻike a me kaʻike e pono ai, piʻi ka maopopoʻole o ka maʻi.Ke hiki mai ka ʻeha, ka luhi, a i ʻole nā hanana pili i ka lāʻau, e piʻi aʻe ka nele o ka ʻike, a e piʻi pū ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi.I ka manawa like, pili ka maʻi nui ʻole me ka emi ʻana o ka hiki ke hana i ka ʻike hou, wānana i nā hopena, a hoʻololi i ka maʻi maʻi (Mishel et al., 2018; Moreland & Santacroce, 2018).
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻike ʻole o ka maʻi i nā haʻawina o nā maʻi me nā maʻi ʻeha a me nā maʻi maʻi, a ua hōʻike ka nui o nā hopena e pili ana kēia loiloi cognitive o ka maʻi i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā maʻi.ʻO keʻano, pili nā pilikia o keʻano me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi kānalua (Mullins et al., 2017);ʻO ka maopopoʻole o ka maʻi he mea wānana i ke kaumaha (Zhang et al., 2018);Eia kekahi, ua noʻonoʻo ʻia ka maʻi kānalua ʻole He hanana ʻino (Hoth et al., 2015; Parker et al., 2016; Sharkey et al., 2018) a ua manaʻo ʻia e pili ana i nā hopena psychosocial maikaʻi ʻole e like me ke kaumaha o ka naʻau, ka hopohopo, a i ʻole nā maʻi noʻonoʻo (Kim et al. People, 2020; Szulczewski et al., 2017).ʻAʻole ia e hoʻopilikia wale i ka hiki i nā maʻi ke ʻimi i ka ʻike maʻi, no laila ke keʻakeʻa nei i kā lākou koho ʻana i ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama olakino (Moreland & Santacroce, 2018), akā e hōʻemi ana i ka maikaʻi o ke ola o ka mea maʻi, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hōʻailona kino (Guan et. al. Kanaka, 2020; Varner et al., 2019).
Ma muli o kēia mau hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi, ua hoʻomaka ka nui o nā mea noiʻi e hoʻolohe i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maopopo ʻole o nā maʻi me nā maʻi like ʻole a hoʻāʻo e ʻimi i nā ala e hōʻemi nui ai i ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi.Hōʻike ka manaʻo o Mishel i ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi ma muli o nā hōʻailona maʻi ʻike ʻole, ka mālama paʻakikī a me ka mālama ʻana, ka nele o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka ʻike a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi, a me ke kaʻina hana a me ka wānana ʻole.Hoʻopilikia pū ʻia e nā maʻi 'cognitive level a me ke kākoʻo kaiaulu.Ua ʻike nā haʻawina e pili ana ka manaʻo o ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi e nā kumu he nui.ʻO ka makahiki, ka lāhui, ka manaʻo moʻomeheu, ka hoʻonaʻauao, ke kūlana waiwai, ke ʻano o ka maʻi, a inā he paʻakikī ka maʻi e nā maʻi ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā hōʻailona ma ka demographic a me ka ʻikepili lapaʻau o nā mea maʻi e nānā ʻia e like me nā mea e pili ana i ka ʻike o ka maʻi ʻaʻole maopopo. .Nui nā haʻawina (Parker et al., 2016).
E noiʻi i ke kūlana paʻa ʻole a me nā kumu hoʻohālikelike o nā maʻi maʻi COVID-19 i loko o nā hale mālama hale paʻa.
Ua mālama ʻia kahi noiʻi cross-sectional ma ka hale hoʻokipa mobile, e uhi ana i kahi o 1385 square square, i māhele ʻia i ʻekolu mau papa, me ka huina o 678 mau moena.
Ke hoʻohana nei i ke ʻano hoʻohālike maʻalahi, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea maʻi he 114 COVID-19 i kahi hale hoʻokipa kelepona ma Wuhan, Hubei Province i Pepeluali 2020 i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea noiʻi.Nā pae hoʻohui: 18-65 makahiki;hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka maʻi COVID-19 a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke ʻano he maʻi maʻi a maʻalahi paha e like me ka maʻi maʻi a me nā alakaʻi lapaʻau;ua ʻae e komo i ka haʻawina.Nā pae hoʻokaʻawale: hōʻino ʻia ka naʻau a i ʻole ka maʻi noʻonoʻo a noʻonoʻo paha;pilikia ka ʻike maka, ka lohe a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo.
I ka nānā ʻana i nā lula hoʻokaʻawale COVID-19, ua mālama ʻia ka noiʻi ma ke ʻano o kahi nīnau nīnau uila, a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka hōʻoia loiloi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka nīnau nīnau.I loko o kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua mālama ʻia kahi noiʻi ma ka pūnaewele o nā mea maʻi COVID-19 i hoʻokomo ʻia i kahi hale mālama hale paʻa, a ua nānā pono nā mea noiʻi i nā mea maʻi e like me ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana.Aʻo nā mea noiʻi i nā maʻi e hoʻopiha i ka nīnau nīnau ma kahi ʻōlelo i hui pū ʻia.Hoʻopiha ka poʻe maʻi i ka nīnau me ka inoa ʻole ma ka nānā ʻana i ka QR code.
ʻO ka nīnau nīnau ʻike pilikino i hoʻolālā ʻia e pili ana i ke kāne, ka makahiki, ke kūlana male, ka helu o nā keiki, kahi o ka noho ʻana, pae hoʻonaʻauao, kūlana hana a me ka loaʻa kālā ʻohana o kēlā me kēia mahina, a me ka manawa mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o COVID-19, a me nā ʻohana. a me nā hoaaloha i loaʻa i ka maʻi.
Ua hoʻokumu mua ʻia ka Maʻi Uncertainty Scale e Profesor Mishel i ka makahiki 1981, a ua hoʻoponopono ʻia e ka hui ʻo Ye Zengjie e hana i ka mana Kina o MUIS (Ye et al., 2018).Loaʻa iā ia ʻekolu ʻāpana o ka maopopo ʻole a me ka huina o 20 mau mea: ambiguity (8 mau mea).), ʻaʻole maopopo (7 mau mea) a me ka hiki ʻole ke wānana (5 mau mea), a he 4 mau mea i hoʻohuli ʻia.Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau mea me ka likert 5-point scale, kahi 1=ʻae ʻole loa, 5=ʻae ikaika, a ʻo ka huina helu helu he 20-100;ʻoi aku ka nui o ka helu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maopopo ʻole.Ua māhele ʻia ka helu i ʻekolu pae: haʻahaʻa (20-46.6), waena (46.7-73.3) a me ke kiʻekiʻe (73.3-100).ʻO ka α o Cronbach o ka MUIS Kina he 0.825, a ʻo ka α o Cronbach o kēlā me kēia ana he 0.807-0.864.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka poʻe i komo i ke kumu o ke aʻo ʻana, a ua loaʻa ka ʻae ʻike i ka wā e kiʻi ai i nā mea komo.A laila hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻopiha a waiho i nā nīnau nīnau ma ka pūnaewele.
E hoʻohana i ka SPSS 16.0 e hoʻokumu i kahi waihona a lawe mai i ka ʻikepili no ka nānā ʻana.Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili helu ma ke ʻano he pākēneka a nānā ʻia e ka hōʻike chi-square;hōʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili ana e like me ka puʻunaue maʻamau ma ke ʻano he mean ± maʻamau deviation, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo t no ke kālailai ʻana i nā kumu e pili ana i ka maopopo ʻole o ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi COVID-19 ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i nā stepwise.Ke p <.05, he nui ka ʻokoʻa.
He 114 mau nīnau nīnau i māhele ʻia i loko o kēia haʻawina, a ʻo 100%.Ma waena o 114 mau maʻi, he 51 mau kāne a he 63 mau wahine;he 45.11 ± 11.43 makahiki ko lakou.ʻO ka awelika helu o nā lā mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o COVID-19 he 27.69 ± 10.31 lā.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi i male, he 93 mau hihia (81.7%).Ma waena o lākou, ua ʻike ʻia nā kāne me COVID-19 i ka 28.1%, ʻo nā keiki he 12.3%, nā mākua he 28.1%, a ʻo nā hoaaloha he 39.5%.ʻO 75.4% o nā maʻi maʻi COVID-19 ke hopohopo nui nei e pili ana ka maʻi i ko lākou ʻohana;70.2% o nā maʻi e hopohopo nei no ka hopena o ka maʻi;ʻO 54.4% o nā maʻi e hopohopo nei e piʻi aʻe ko lākou kūlana a pili i ko lākou ola maʻamau;32.5% o ka poʻe maʻi hopohopo e pili ana ka maʻi iā lākou Hana;21.2% o nā poʻe maʻi e hopohopo nei e hoʻopilikia ka maʻi i ka palekana waiwai o ko lākou ʻohana.
ʻO ka huina MUIS o nā maʻi maʻi COVID-19 he 52.2 ± 12.5, e hōʻike ana i ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi ma kahi pae haʻahaʻa (Table 1).Hoʻokaʻawale mākou i nā helu o kēlā me kēia mea o ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi o ka mea maʻi a ʻike ʻia ʻo ka mea me ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa "ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke wānana i ka lōʻihi o koʻu maʻi (lāʻau)" (Papa 2).
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻikepili demographic ākea o ka poʻe i komo ma ke ʻano he hui pūʻulu e hoʻohālikelike i ka maʻi ʻole o ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19.Ua hōʻike nā hopena i ke kāne, ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻohana i kēlā me kēia mahina a me ka manawa o ka hoʻomaka ʻana (t = -3.130, 2.276, -2.162, p <.05) i helu ʻia (Table 3).
ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka helu helu MUIS ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻololi hilinaʻi, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu helu koʻikoʻi ʻekolu (ke kāne, ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻohana, ka manawa o ka hoʻomaka ʻana) i ka nānā ʻana univariate a me ka loiloi correlation ma ke ʻano he mau ʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, ua hana ʻia kahi loiloi regression he nui.ʻO nā mea hoʻololi i komo hope i ka hoʻohālikelike regression ʻo ke kāne, ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻohana i kēlā me kēia mahina a me ka manawa o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o COVID-19, ʻo ia nā kumu nui ʻekolu e pili ana i nā mea hilinaʻi (Papa 4).
Hōʻike nā hopena o kēia haʻawina ʻo ka helu helu MUIS no nā maʻi maʻi COVID-19 he 52.2±12.5, e hōʻike ana i ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi ma kahi pae haʻahaʻa, i kūlike me ka noiʻi ʻana o ka maʻi ʻike ʻole o nā maʻi like ʻole e like me COPD, congenital heart. ka mai, a me ka mai koko.Pressure dialysis, ke kuni ʻike ʻole ʻia ma ka home a ma waho (Hoth et al., 2015; Li et al., 2018; Lyu et al., 2019; Moreland & Santacroce, 2018; Yang et al., 2015).Ma muli o ka manaʻo kānalua ʻole o ka maʻi o Mishel (Mishel, 2018; Zhang, 2017), ʻo ka kamaʻāina a me ka kūlike o nā hanana COVID-19 ma kahi haʻahaʻa, no ka mea, he maʻi hou, ʻike ʻole ʻia a loaʻa ka maʻi infectious, ʻo ia paha ka he kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi.Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hōʻike nā hopena o ka noiʻi i nā hopena i manaʻo ʻia.ʻO nā kumu kūpono e like me kēia: (a) ʻO ka ikaika o nā hōʻailona ke kumu nui o ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi (Mishel et al., 2018).Wahi a nā koina komo o nā hale hoʻokipa mobile, he mau maʻi maʻi nā mea maʻi āpau.No laila, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka maʻi uncertainty score i kahi kiʻekiʻe;(b) ʻo ke kākoʻo kaiapili ka mea wānana nui o ka pae ʻike ʻole o ka maʻi.Me ke kākoʻo o ka pane aupuni i ka COVID-19, hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea maʻi i nā hale hoʻokipa kelepona i ka manawa ma hope o ka maʻi ʻana, a loaʻa i ka mālama ʻoihana mai nā hui lapaʻau mai nā panalāʻau a me nā kūlanakauhale a puni ka ʻāina.Eia kekahi, ke kau nei ke kumukūʻai o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e ka mokuʻāina, no laila ʻaʻohe hopohopo o ka poʻe maʻi, a i kekahi manawa, hoʻemi ʻia ka maopopo ʻole o kēia mau maʻi;(C).Ua hōʻiliʻili ka hale hoʻokipa kelepona i ka nui o nā mea maʻi COVID-19 me nā hōʻailona maʻalahi.ʻO nā kūkaʻi ma waena o lākou i hoʻoikaika i ko lākou hilinaʻi i ka lanakila ʻana i ka maʻi.ʻO ka lewa ikaika e kōkua i nā poʻe maʻi e pale i ka makaʻu, ka hopohopo, ke kaumaha a me nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka noho kaʻawale ʻana, a i kekahi manawa e hōʻemi i ka maopopo ʻole o ka mea maʻi e pili ana i ka maʻi (Parker et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2018).
ʻO ka mea i loaʻa ka helu kiʻekiʻe ʻo "ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke wānana i ka lōʻihi o koʻu maʻi (mālama)", ʻo ia ka 3.52±1.09.Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, no ka mea he maʻi maʻi maʻi hou ʻo COVID-19, ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe maʻi i kekahi mea e pili ana;ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, lōʻihi ka hele ʻana o ka maʻi.Ma kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ʻia nā hihia 69 ma mua o 28 mau lā, ʻo ia ka 60.53% o ka nui o nā mea pane.ʻO ka awelika lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana o nā mea maʻi he 114 i loko o ka hale hoʻokipa mobile he (13.07±5.84) mau lā.Ma waena o lākou, noho ka poʻe 39 ma mua o 2 mau pule (ʻoi aku ma mua o 14 mau lā), ʻo 34.21% o ka huina.No laila, ua hāʻawi ka mea maʻi i kahi helu kiʻekiʻe i ka mea.
ʻO ka helu helu ʻelua "ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu inā maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha koʻu maʻi" he 3.20 ± 1.21 ka helu.ʻO COVID-19 he maʻi hou, ʻike ʻole ʻia, a lele loa.Ke ʻimi ʻia nei ka hanana, hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i kēia maʻi.ʻAʻole maopopo i ka mea maʻi pehea e ulu ai a pehea e mālama ai, hiki ke hopena i ka helu kiʻekiʻe no ka mea.
Ua helu ʻia ke kolu o ka helu "He nui kaʻu mau nīnau me ka pane ʻole" 3.04±1.23.I ke alo o nā maʻi i ʻike ʻole ʻia, ke ʻimi mau nei nā limahana lapaʻau a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ko lākou ʻike i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi a me nā hoʻolālā lapaʻau.No laila, ʻaʻole i pane piha ʻia kekahi mau nīnau pili i ka maʻi i hāpai ʻia e nā maʻi.No ka mea e mālama mau ʻia ka ratio o nā limahana lapaʻau ma nā hale hoʻokipa kelepona i loko o 6:1 a ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana ʻehā, pono kēlā me kēia limahana lapaʻau e mālama i nā maʻi he nui.Eia kekahi, ma ke kaʻina hana o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me nā limahana lapaʻau e ʻaʻahu ana i nā lole pale, aia paha kekahi ʻano o ka attenuation ʻike.ʻOiai ua hāʻawi ʻia ka mea maʻi i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me nā wehewehe e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi e like me ka hiki, ʻaʻole i pane piha ʻia kekahi mau nīnau pilikino.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia pilikia olakino honua, aia nā ʻokoʻa i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka COVID-19 i loaʻa e nā limahana mālama olakino, nā limahana kaiāulu, a me ka lehulehu.Hiki i nā limahana lapaʻau a me nā limahana kaiāulu ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike a me ka ʻike no ka hoʻomalu maʻi maʻi ma o nā papa aʻo like ʻole.Ua ʻike ka lehulehu i nā ʻike maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i ka COVID-19 ma o ka lehulehu media, e like me ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka lako o nā lako lāʻau, i hoʻonui ai i ka hopohopo a me ka maʻi.Hōʻike kēia kūlana i ka pono wikiwiki e hoʻonui i ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻike olakino hilinaʻi, no ka mea hiki i ka ʻike hoʻopunipuni ke keʻakeʻa i nā keʻena olakino mai ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi (Tran et al., 2020).ʻO ka hauʻoli kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻike olakino pili nui me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka noʻonoʻo, ka maʻi, a me ka hopohopo a i ʻole nā helu kaumaha (Le, Dang, etc., 2020).
ʻO nā hopena o ka noiʻi ʻana i kēia manawa e pili ana i nā mea maʻi COVID-19 e hōʻike ana he ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi maʻi wahine ma mua o nā mea maʻi kāne.Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Mishel ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻololi o ke kumumanaʻo, ʻo ka hiki o ka cognitive o ke kanaka ke hoʻopili i ka ʻike o nā mea hoʻoulu e pili ana i ka maʻi.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he nui nā ʻokoʻa i nā mana cognitive o nā kāne a me nā wahine (Hyde, 2014).ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā wahine i ka manaʻo a me ka noʻonoʻo intuitive, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā kāne i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo, hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka ʻike o ka poʻe maʻi i ka hoʻoulu ʻana, a laila e hōʻemi i ko lākou maopopo ʻole e pili ana i ka maʻi.ʻOkoʻa nā kāne a me nā wahine i ke ʻano a me ka maikaʻi o nā manaʻo.Makemake nā wāhine i ka manaʻo a me ka pale ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻana, ʻoiai nā kāne e hoʻohana i ka hoʻoponopono pilikia a me nā hoʻolālā noʻonoʻo maikaʻi e hoʻoponopono ai i nā hanana manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole (Schmitt et al., 2017).Hōʻike pū kēia i nā limahana lapaʻau e alakaʻi kūpono i nā poʻe maʻi e kōkua iā lākou e mālama i ka neutrality ke nānā pono a hoʻomaopopo i ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi ponoʻī.
ʻO ka poʻe maʻi i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻohana ma mua o RMB 10,000 he haʻahaʻa loa ka helu MUIS.Ua kūlike kēia ʻike me nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe (Li et al., 2019; Ni et al., 2018), i hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka loaʻa kālā haʻahaʻa o kēlā me kēia mahina he mea wānana maikaʻi ia o ka maʻi ʻole o ka maʻi.ʻO ke kumu o kēia noʻonoʻo ʻana, ʻo ka poʻe maʻi me ka loaʻa kālā haʻahaʻa o ka ʻohana he liʻiliʻi nā kumu waiwai a me nā ala liʻiliʻi e loaʻa ai ka ʻike maʻi.Ma muli o ka hana paʻa ʻole a me ka loaʻa kālā, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka ʻohana kaumaha.No laila, i ka wā e kū ai i kahi maʻi ʻike ʻole a koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kānalua a me nā hopohopo o kēia hui o nā maʻi, no laila e hōʻike ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi kānalua.
ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka maʻi, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka manaʻo o ka mea maʻi i ka maopopo ʻole (Mishel, 2018).Hōʻike nā hopena noiʻi i kēia (Tian et al., 2014), e ʻōlelo ana ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, ka mālama ʻana, a me ka hale maʻi e kōkua i nā maʻi e ʻike a kamaʻāina i nā hanana pili i ka maʻi.Eia naʻe, hōʻike nā hopena o kēia noiʻi i ka manaʻo kūʻē.ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka maʻi kānalua o nā hihia i hala 28 mau lā a i ʻole mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o COVID-19, e like me Li (Li et al., 2018) i kāna aʻo ʻana i nā maʻi me ka maʻi ʻike ʻole.Kūlike ka hopena me ke kumu.ʻO ka hanana, ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻamau.Ma ke ʻano he maʻi maʻi hou a manaʻo ʻole ʻia, ke ʻimi ʻia nei ʻo COVID-19.ʻO ke ala e mālama ai i ka maʻi, ʻo ia ka holo ʻana i nā wai ʻike ʻole ʻia, kahi i hiki mai ai kekahi mau ulia pōpilikia.Nā hanana, e like me nā maʻi i hoʻi hou ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana mai ka haukapila i ka wā maʻi.Ma muli o ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi maʻi, ka mālama ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻepekema o ka maʻi, ʻoiai ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o COVID-19, ʻaʻole maopopo ka poʻe maʻi me COVID-19 i ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi.I ke alo o ka maopopo ʻole, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o COVID-19, ʻoi aku ka hopohopo o ka mea maʻi e pili ana i ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka maopopo ʻole o ka mea maʻi e pili ana i nā ʻano o ka maʻi, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi. .
Hōʻike nā hopena i nā maʻi me nā hiʻohiʻona i luna e pono i ka maʻi maʻi, a ʻo ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka maʻi ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi ala hoʻokele e hōʻemi ai i ka maʻi.Loaʻa i ka hoʻonaʻauao olakino, kākoʻo ʻike, hoʻomaʻamaʻa behavioral, a me ka cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).No nā maʻi maʻi COVID-19, hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke kōkua iā lākou e hoʻohana i nā ʻenehana hoʻomaha e hakakā ai i ka hopohopo a pale i nā manawa depressive ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka papa hana o kēlā me kēia lā.Hiki i ka CBT ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā ʻano hana hoʻopiʻi maladaptive, e like me ka pale ʻana, ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana iā ia iho.E hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou hiki ke hoʻokele i ke kaumaha (Ho et al., 2020).Hiki i ka Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (I-CBT) ke hoʻopōmaikaʻi i nā poʻe maʻi i loaʻa i ka maʻi a me ka mālama ʻana i nā keʻena kaʻawale, a me nā poʻe maʻi i noho kaʻawale ma ka home a ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā limahana olakino noʻonoʻo (Ho et al., 2020; Soh et. al., 2020; Zhang & Ho, 2017).
ʻO nā helu MUIS o nā maʻi maʻi COVID-19 i nā hale hoʻomaha hale paʻa e hōʻike ana i kahi pae haʻahaʻa o ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi.ʻO ka mea i loaʻa ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa ma nā ʻāpana ʻekolu he unpredictability.Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi i hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia me ka manawa mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o COVID-19, a pili maikaʻi ʻole me ka loaʻa kālā o ka hale o ka mea maʻi.He haʻahaʻa ka helu o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.E hoʻomanaʻo i nā limahana lapaʻau e uku nui aku i nā maʻi wahine, nā mea maʻi me ka loaʻa kālā haʻahaʻa o ka ʻohana a me ka lōʻihi o ka maʻi, e hana i nā hana hana e hōʻemi ai i ka maopopo ʻole o ka poʻe maʻi e pili ana i ko lākou kūlana, alakaʻi i nā maʻi e hoʻoikaika i ko lākou mau manaʻoʻiʻo, e alo i ka maʻi me kahi manaʻo maikaʻi, hui pū me ka lapaʻau ʻana, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka mālama ʻana.
E like me nā haʻawina, aia kekahi mau palena.Ma kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua hoʻohana wale ʻia ka pālākiō hoʻohālikelike ponoʻī e noiʻi i ka maʻi ʻaʻole maopopo o nā maʻi maʻi COVID-19 i mālama ʻia i nā hale hoʻomaha hoʻomaha.Aia nā ʻokoʻa moʻomeheu i ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ma nā wahi like ʻole (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała, et al., 2020), hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻelele o nā laʻana a me ka honua o nā hopena.ʻO kekahi pilikia ʻē aʻe ma muli o ke ʻano o ka haʻawina cross-sectional, ʻaʻole i hana kēia noiʻi i nā noiʻi hou aʻe e pili ana i nā loli ikaika o ka maopopo ʻole o ka maʻi a me kona hopena lōʻihi i nā maʻi.Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina ʻaʻohe loli lōʻihi koʻikoʻi i nā pae o ke koʻikoʻi, hopohopo a me ke kaumaha i ka lehulehu ma hope o 4 mau pule (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020b).Pono ka hoʻolālā lōʻihi e ʻimi i nā pae like ʻole o ka maʻi a me kona hopena i nā maʻi.
Hāʻawi nui i ka manaʻo a me ka hoʻolālā, a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻikepili, a i ʻole ka ʻikepili a me ka wehewehe ʻana;Ua komo ʻo DL, CL i ke kākau ʻana i nā manuscript a i ʻole i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi;Ua ʻae ʻo DL, CL, DS i ka mana e hoʻokuʻu ʻia.Pono kēlā me kēia mea kākau e komo piha i ka hana a lawe i ke kuleana o ka lehulehu no ka ʻāpana kūpono o ka ʻike;Ua ʻae ʻo DL, CL, DS i ke kuleana no nā ʻano āpau o ka hana e hōʻoia i ka nānā pono ʻana i nā pilikia e pili ana i ka pololei a i ʻole ka hoʻopau ʻana o kekahi ʻāpana o ka hana a Hoʻoholo;DS
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-16-2021